• • An alloplastic material or device that is surgically placed into the oral tissue beneath the mucosal or periosteal layer or within the bone for functional, therapeutic, or esthetic purposes. (Iacono V.J 2000)

• • To insert a graft or alloplastic device into the oral hard or soft tissues for replacement of missing or damaged anatomical parts, or for stabilization of a periodontally compromised tooth or group of teeth. (Iacono V.J 2000)

• • Immediate implant placement: defined as implant placement immediately following extraction of a tooth.( Hartog L et al 2008)

• • Early implant placement: defined as installation of the implant 4–8 weeks after extraction. ( Hartog L et al 2008)
  • Conventional implant plac ement: implant placement >8 weeks postextraction. ( Hartog L et al 2008)

• • Immediate restoration: A restoration inserted within 48 hours of implant placement but not in occlusion with the opposing dentition.

• • Immediate loading/ direct loading: Early loading ⁄ Early functional loading: A restoration placed in occlusion with the opposing dentition within 48 hours of implant placement.

The provisional ⁄ definitive prosthetic construction is attached at a second procedure after a conventional healing period of 3–6 months.

• • One stage: the implant heals without protection of the oral mucosa and is accessible through the mucosa during healing time.

• • Two stage: the implant heals under the soft tissue and is, after a healing period, accessed through a second-stage surgery.

The concept of removing a tooth that is failing and replacing it with an implant which is brought into function immediately carries a tremendous attraction. The extraction socket is essentially utilized as the space for the implant fixture after some minor re-adaptation with a series of shaping drills.

The rationale is to take temporal advantage of the “repair cell cascade” of events that take place after a tooth has been extracted.

Other, more clinically oriented advantages include a decrease in treatment time and the number of treatment sittings for the patient and also a means of immediately restoring the empty space with an implant supported temporary crown, if the initial stabilization of the implant fixture is adequate.

In contrast to a temporary stay plate, the immediate temporization of a dental implant will yield better maintenance of the gingival contours, especially the scalloping of the gums between the teeth, during the osseointegration phase.

The ultimate goal of the implant treatment is to produce teeth that are aesthetically and functionally acceptable. The range of treatment that is available in the field of implant dentistry is vast, varying from the simple immediate replacement of a tooth carried out over a short span of time to extensive hard and soft tissue reconstruction coupled with fixed implant supported restorations.

Advantages of immediate implant placement  (Penarrocha 2004, Garber DA 1995)

• • Reduction of surgical procedures

• • Reduction in treatment time. With immediate placement need not necessary to wait 6-8 months for bone neoformation and healing of the socket bed to take place.

• • Preservation of the alveolar bone

• • Postextraction alveolar process resorption is reduced

• • Maintenance of ideal soft tissue contours

• • Better implant placement

• • Improved functional and esthetic results

• • Simplification of the prosthetic design

• • Improvement in the patient’s psychological outlook for dental treatment. Psychological stress is avoided by suppressing the need for repeat surgery for implantation

• Patients can be rehabilitated with functional crowns for immediate function and aesthetics.
• Better patient acceptance